{"id":1228,"date":"2024-09-30T11:35:40","date_gmt":"2024-09-30T11:35:40","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/jazykyhravo.umb.sk\/?page_id=1228"},"modified":"2024-11-25T13:13:02","modified_gmt":"2024-11-25T13:13:02","slug":"priestorove-usporiadanie","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/jazykyhravo.umb.sk\/index.php\/priestorove-usporiadanie\/","title":{"rendered":"priestorov\u00e9 usporiadanie"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/jazykyhravo.umb.sk\/\">jazyky hravo<\/a> \u2013 <a href=\"https:\/\/jazykyhravo.umb.sk\/index.php\/ako-zorganizovat-vyucbu\/\">ako organizova\u0165 v\u00fdu\u010dbu<\/a> \u2013 <a href=\"https:\/\/jazykyhravo.umb.sk\/index.php\/manazovat-hodinu\/\">mana\u017eova\u0165 v\u00fdu\u010dbu<\/a> &#8211; priestorov\u00e9 usporiadanie<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Materi\u00e1lne usporiadanie triedy je v prvom rade koncep\u010dn\u00e1 ot\u00e1zka: Ako usporiadam lavice, stoli\u010dky, pom\u00f4cky, aby \u017eiaci sami mohli objavova\u0165 a utv\u00e1ra\u0165 svoje nov\u00e9 poznatky o jazyku a vyu\u017e\u00edva\u0165 ich? To, \u017ee ide o k\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00fa ot\u00e1zku, potvrdzuj\u00fa dlhoro\u010dn\u00e9 sk\u00fasenosti z hospit\u00e1ci\u00ed a otvoren\u00fdch hod\u00edn, ktor\u00fdch sa z\u00fa\u010dastnili autorky tejto publik\u00e1cie. Je prekvapuj\u00face, \u017ee dokonca e\u0161te aj po\u010das t\u00fdchto hod\u00edn, na ktor\u00e9 sa vyu\u010duj\u00faci pripravovali detailne a prec\u00edzne, bolo vidie\u0165, \u017ee viacer\u00ed u\u010ditelia jazyka vn\u00edmaj\u00fa materi\u00e1lne \u201edanosti\u201c triedy, v ktorej jazyk vyu\u010duj\u00fa, pomerne staticky \u2013 ako nejak\u00e9 \u201etabu\u201c, ktor\u00e9 sa ned\u00e1 meni\u0165. Nemaj\u00fa predstavu, kedy a ako by sa dal zmeni\u0165 vopred dan\u00fd \u201emerav\u00fd\u201c poriadok lav\u00edc u\u017e\u00edvan\u00fd na in\u00fdch vyu\u010dovac\u00edch hodin\u00e1ch. Prirodzene to vedie k prezentovaniu nov\u00e9ho u\u010diva front\u00e1lnou formou, stojac pred v\u0161etk\u00fdmi lavicami (aby v\u0161etci \u017eiaci videli a po\u010duli). T\u00fdka sa to najm\u00e4 tried s vy\u0161\u0161\u00edm po\u010dtom \u017eiakov, ktor\u00e9 nie s\u00fa delen\u00e9 na skupiny vo v\u00fdu\u010dbe jazykov. D\u00f4vodom m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 aj slab\u0161ia komunik\u00e1cia s ostatn\u00fdmi u\u010dite\u013emi (\u201eAj na in\u00fdch hodin\u00e1ch takto sedia.\u201c), \u010dasov\u00e9 d\u00f4vody (\u010dasovo \u010di fyzicky je n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00e9 vr\u00e1ti\u0165 po hodine lavice na p\u00f4vodn\u00e9 miesto). Pod\u013ea vzoru v\u00fdu\u010dby materinsk\u00e9ho jazyka mo\u017eno poveda\u0165, \u017ee \u017eiaci si najlep\u0161ie osvojuj\u00fa jazyk v ur\u010ditom, im prirodzenom prostred\u00ed. Hodina jazyka m\u00e1 z tohto aspektu podobn\u00e9 po\u017eiadavky na priestorov\u00e9 zabezpe\u010denie, preto\u017ee v r\u00e1mci nej si \u017eiaci popri rozv\u00edjan\u00ed in\u00fdch zru\u010dnost\u00ed osvojuj\u00fa tie jazykov\u00e9. Je predov\u0161etk\u00fdm na u\u010dite\u013eovi jazyka, aby sa oslobodil od pevn\u00fdch priestorov\u00fdch v\u00e4zieb. In\u00fdmi slovami, vyu\u010dova\u0165 jazyky \u017eiakov mlad\u0161ieho \u0161kolsk\u00e9ho veku si vy\u017eaduje adekv\u00e1tne fyzick\u00e9 usporiadanie triedy, flexibilne pres\u00favate\u013en\u00e9 lavice a stoli\u010dky, aby si \u017eiaci mohli vidie\u0165 navz\u00e1jom do tv\u00e1re (<a href=\"https:\/\/jazykyhravo.umb.sk\/index.php\/kniznica-odbornej-literatury\/\">Bal\u00e1\u017eov\u00e1, 1996<\/a>). Ide\u00e1lnym priestorom osvojovania si jazyka nie je trieda, v ktorej s\u00fa \u017eiaci oto\u010den\u00ed k tabuli, a v ktorej sa maj\u00fa 45 min\u00fat s\u00fastredi\u0165, sediac pod\u013ea pr\u00edsneho sedacieho poriadku.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Niektor\u00e9 t\u00e9my si priam vy\u017eaduj\u00fa, aby sa vyu\u010dovacia hodina konala mimo priestoru triedy. Napr\u00edklad pri t\u00e9me \u201e\u0161kola\u201c id\u00fa \u017eiaci s pl\u00e1nom \u0161koly v ruke objavova\u0165 ostatn\u00e9 \u0161kolsk\u00e9 priestory: triedy, kni\u017enicu, laborat\u00f3ria, telocvi\u010d\u0148u, zborov\u0148u, jed\u00e1le\u0148 at\u010f. Popritom si tieto priestory zazna\u010duj\u00fa na map\u00e1ch, ktor\u00e9 si na hodine jazyka sami vyr\u00e1baj\u00fa. Podobn\u00e1 \u201evych\u00e1dzka\u201c sa m\u00f4\u017ee uskuto\u010dni\u0165 na \u0161portovom ihrisku, v kni\u017enici, oddychovej z\u00f3ne alebo v \u0161kolskej z\u00e1hrade. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Prirodzene, aj koncoro\u010dn\u00e9 v\u00fdlety m\u00f4\u017eu poskytn\u00fa\u0165 nov\u00e9 mo\u017enosti na osvojovanie si nov\u00fdch jazykov\u00fdch poznatkov (napr\u00edklad v\u00fdstava v m\u00fazeu, n\u00e1v\u0161teva obchodu, ZOO, parku at\u010f.). V\u00fdbava a materi\u00e1lne zariadenie jazykovej triedy v ni\u017e\u0161\u00edch ro\u010dn\u00edkoch by sa mali viac podoba\u0165 priestorom v materskej \u0161kole, kde deti pracuj\u00fa v kruhu alebo in\u00fdch zoskupeniach, ne\u017e tradi\u010dn\u00e9mu usporiadaniu triedy v \u0161kole. Stoli\u010dky a lavice by nemali ma\u0165 fixn\u00e9 miesto, ale pod\u013ea obsahu a charakteru vyu\u010dovacej hodiny je mo\u017en\u00e9 ich r\u00fdchlo premiestni\u0165. Ke\u010f\u017ee triedy zvy\u010dajne delia na polovice (men\u0161\u00ed po\u010det \u017eiakov v skupine), premiestnenie 14-15 stoli\u010diek by nemalo by\u0165 prek\u00e1\u017ekou. Z \u010dasu na \u010das m\u00f4\u017eu by\u0165 aj tak\u00e9 hodiny, kde stoli\u010dky v\u00f4bec nie s\u00fa potrebn\u00e9. Hodin\u00e1m jazyka ve\u013emi dobre posl\u00fa\u017ei hrub\u00fd koberec, ktor\u00fd sa \u013eahko \u010dist\u00ed, alebo matrac a vank\u00fa\u0161iky, ktor\u00e9 sa pri po\u010d\u00favan\u00ed rozpr\u00e1vky alebo pri rozpr\u00e1van\u00ed a sledovan\u00ed videonahr\u00e1vok daj\u00fa vhodne umiestni\u0165. Prax ukazuje, \u017ee st\u00e1le viac u\u010dite\u013eov pracuje met\u00f3dami, ktor\u00e9 si vy\u017eaduj\u00fa pohyb v priestore, napr\u00edklad pokyny umiestnen\u00e9 pod stoli\u010dkami \u017eiakov, obr\u00e1zky, karti\u010dky so slovami a r\u00f4zne in\u0161trukcie \u010di inform\u00e1cie na n\u00e1stenke, ktor\u00e9 sa m\u00f4\u017eu \u013eahko zvesi\u0165. Tabu\u013ea v\u00fdborne pom\u00e1ha pri typick\u00fdch hr\u00e1ch ako \u201eBe\u017e a dotkni sa\u201c a pri umiestnen\u00ed obr\u00e1zkov a slov, respekt\u00edve ako cie\u013e pri tak\u00fdchto hr\u00e1ch.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/jazykyhravo.umb.sk\/index.php\/metody\/\">Predch\u00e1dzaj\u00faci<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/jazykyhravo.umb.sk\/index.php\/organizacne-formy\/\">\u010eal\u0161\u00ed<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>jazyky hravo \u2013 ako organizova\u0165 v\u00fdu\u010dbu \u2013 mana\u017eova\u0165 v\u00fdu\u010dbu &#8211; priestorov\u00e9 usporiadanie Materi\u00e1lne usporiadanie triedy je v prvom rade koncep\u010dn\u00e1 ot\u00e1zka: Ako usporiadam lavice, stoli\u010dky, pom\u00f4cky, aby \u017eiaci sami mohli objavova\u0165 a utv\u00e1ra\u0165 svoje nov\u00e9 poznatky o jazyku a vyu\u017e\u00edva\u0165 ich? To, \u017ee ide o k\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00fa ot\u00e1zku, potvrdzuj\u00fa dlhoro\u010dn\u00e9 sk\u00fasenosti z hospit\u00e1ci\u00ed a otvoren\u00fdch hod\u00edn,&hellip;&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/jazykyhravo.umb.sk\/index.php\/priestorove-usporiadanie\/\" class=\"\" rel=\"bookmark\">\u010c\u00edta\u0165 viac &raquo;<span class=\"screen-reader-text\">priestorov\u00e9 usporiadanie<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"neve_meta_sidebar":"","neve_meta_container":"","neve_meta_enable_content_width":"","neve_meta_content_width":0,"neve_meta_title_alignment":"","neve_meta_author_avatar":"","neve_post_elements_order":"","neve_meta_disable_header":"","neve_meta_disable_footer":"","neve_meta_disable_title":"","footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-1228","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/jazykyhravo.umb.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1228","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/jazykyhravo.umb.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/jazykyhravo.umb.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jazykyhravo.umb.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jazykyhravo.umb.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1228"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/jazykyhravo.umb.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1228\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2182,"href":"https:\/\/jazykyhravo.umb.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1228\/revisions\/2182"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/jazykyhravo.umb.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1228"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}