{"id":1370,"date":"2024-10-07T08:28:32","date_gmt":"2024-10-07T08:28:32","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/jazykyhravo.umb.sk\/?page_id=1370"},"modified":"2025-01-07T18:38:58","modified_gmt":"2025-01-07T18:38:58","slug":"z-teorii-ucenia-sa-jazyka","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/jazykyhravo.umb.sk\/index.php\/z-teorii-ucenia-sa-jazyka\/","title":{"rendered":"te\u00f3rie osvojovania si jazykov"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/jazykyhravo.umb.sk\/\">jazyky hravo <\/a>\u2013 <a href=\"https:\/\/jazykyhravo.umb.sk\/index.php\/na-dokazoch\/\">\u010do hovor\u00ed veda<\/a> &#8211; te\u00f3rie osvojovania si jazykov<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Pre\u010do je nevyhnutn\u00e9, aby ka\u017ed\u00fd, kto t\u00fa\u017ei, aby sa jeho die\u0165a\/\u017eiak nau\u010dil jazyk, pochopil, na ak\u00fdch teoretick\u00fdch, v\u00fdskumom overen\u00fdch z\u00e1kladoch stoj\u00ed dobr\u00e1 prax v\u00fdu\u010dby jazykov?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Bez pochopenia teoretick\u00fdch v\u00fdchod\u00edsk bude u\u010dite\u013e mo\u017eno vedie\u0165 pripravi\u0165 nieko\u013eko vyu\u010dovac\u00edch hod\u00edn \u2013 \u010di u\u017e intuit\u00edvne, alebo na z\u00e1klade presn\u00e9ho n\u00e1vodu z u\u010debnice cudzieho jazyka, ale ch\u00fdbaj\u00face poznanie tak\u00e9ho komplexn\u00e9ho javu, ak\u00fdm u\u010denie cudzieho jazyka v citlivom veku 5 \u2013 11 rokov je, sa \u010doskoro odraz\u00ed \u010di u\u017e v nevyv\u00e1\u017eenom n\u00e1cviku niektorej komunika\u010dnej zru\u010dnosti alebo jazykov\u00e9ho prostriedku. Rovnako nemus\u00ed zvl\u00e1dnu\u0165 heterogenitu triedy a neumo\u017en\u00ed za\u017ei\u0165 \u00faspech a po\u017eadovan\u00e9 v\u00fdsledky u v\u0161etk\u00fdch \u017eiakov. Pr\u00edpadne ho n\u00e1ro\u010dnos\u0165 v\u00fdu\u010dby m\u00f4\u017ee dovies\u0165 k vy\u010derpaniu alebo z\u00e1pasu s vyhoren\u00edm\u2026  Preto je nevyhnutn\u00e9 obozn\u00e1mi\u0165 sa s t\u00fdm, \u010do hovor\u00ed o osvojovan\u00ed si\/u\u010den\u00ed sa jazyka (\u010di u\u017e materinsk\u00e9ho, druh\u00e9ho \u010di cudzieho) de\u0165mi psychol\u00f3gia &#8211; psycholingvistika, neurovedy &#8211; neurolingvistika a lingvodidaktika. Teoretick\u00e9 z\u00e1klady lingvodidaktiky predstavuj\u00fa v s\u00fa\u010dasnej dobe pevn\u00fd z\u00e1klad pre nasmerovanie v ka\u017edodennej praxi u\u010dite\u013ea, na ktor\u00fd sa m\u00f4\u017ee spo\u013eahn\u00fa\u0165 a ktor\u00fd ho dovedie do predsavzat\u00e9ho cie\u013ea.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Vedeck\u00e9 te\u00f3rie predstavuj\u00fa potenci\u00e1lne z\u00e1klady u\u010dite\u013eovho ch\u00e1pania myslenia a u\u010denia sa \u017eiakov. Pokia\u013e toto u\u010dite\u013e pochop\u00ed a n\u00e1sledne aplikuje do svojej pr\u00e1ce, poskytn\u00fa mu vo v\u00fdu\u010dbe potrebn\u00fa h\u013abku porozumenia cel\u00e9mu komplexu javov, ktor\u00e9 s u\u010den\u00edm (sa) jazyka s\u00favisia. Ide\u00e1lne mo\u017eno o\u010dak\u00e1va\u0165, \u017ee u\u010dite\u013e v\u010faka teoretick\u00fdm z\u00e1kladom pochop\u00ed, ako prebieha proces u\u010denia sa jazyka, ako materinsk\u00e9ho, tak nesk\u00f4r cudzieho. Porozumie tak i tomu, ak\u00e9 faktory tento proces ovplyv\u0148uj\u00fa. Ma\u0165 dostatok poznatkov mu profesion\u00e1lne umo\u017e\u0148uje vedie\u0165 sa zodpovedne rozhodn\u00fa\u0165 a podpori\u0165 pozit\u00edvne faktory, z\u00e1rove\u0148 eliminova\u0165 tie, ktor\u00e9 sp\u00f4sobuj\u00fa prek\u00e1\u017eky v u\u010den\u00ed sa jazyka \u017eiakmi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Te\u00f3ria o osvojovan\u00ed si cudzieho a materinsk\u00e9ho jazyka ukazuje na potrebu vytv\u00e1rania tak\u00e9ho jazykov\u00e9ho prostredia, v ktorom m\u00e1 \u017eiak zabezpe\u010den\u00e9 bohat\u00e9 mo\u017enosti inputu cudzieho jazyka, pri\u010dom sa nec\u00edti by\u0165 n\u00faten\u00fd do jazykovej produkcie, ak na to s\u00e1m nie je odhodlan\u00fd. U\u010denie sa cudzieho jazyka v detskom veku je osloboden\u00e9 od lingvistick\u00fdch ohrani\u010den\u00ed. Pre naplnenie vyt\u00fd\u010den\u00fdch cie\u013eov v\u00fdu\u010dby jazyka je podstatn\u00e9 detailne sa obozn\u00e1mi\u0165 so \u0161pecifikami detsk\u00e9ho myslenia a procesov, ktor\u00e9 prebiehaj\u00fa v jeho mysli po\u010das u\u010denia sa. U\u010ditelia v prim\u00e1rnom vzdel\u00e1van\u00ed musia pozna\u0165 \u0161pecifik\u00e1 mlad\u0161ieho \u0161kolsk\u00e9ho veku, ale z\u00e1rove\u0148 s\u00fa vhodn\u00e9 a vyu\u017eite\u013en\u00e9 aj inform\u00e1cie o predch\u00e1dzaj\u00facom, pred\u0161kolskom obdob\u00ed. S\u00fa\u010dasne je nevyhnutn\u00e9, aby u\u010dite\u013e disponoval sp\u00f4sobilos\u0165ou, ako rozv\u00edja\u0165 schopnosti strategick\u00e9ho myslenia \u017eiakov, ich kreativity, schopnosti riskova\u0165, at\u010f.).<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Psychologick\u00e9, lingvistick\u00e9 a psycholingvistick\u00e9 te\u00f3rie poukazuj\u00fa na to, \u017ee die\u0165a vo veku cca 10\/11 rokov si dok\u00e1\u017ee osvojova\u0165 aj cudz\u00ed jazyk podobn\u00fdm sp\u00f4sobom ako materinsk\u00fd jazyk. Z\u00e1vis\u00ed od rozsahu vystavenia die\u0165a\u0165a cudziemu jazyku. V be\u017en\u00fdch \u0161kol\u00e1ch hovor\u00edme sk\u00f4r o riadenom u\u010den\u00ed sa jazyka ne\u017e o osvojovan\u00ed si jazyka. Psychologick\u00e9 a neurovedn\u00e9 v\u00fdskumy poukazuj\u00fa na d\u00f4le\u017eitos\u0165 profesion\u00e1lneho, na vedeck\u00fdch z\u00e1kladoch vybudovan\u00e9ho pr\u00edstupu<br>u\u010dite\u013ea k \u017eiakovi. Ich vz\u00e1jomn\u00fd vz\u0165ah je predpokladom toho, \u010di \u017eiak \u00faspe\u0161ne zvl\u00e1dne v\u00fdzvy spojen\u00e9 s u\u010den\u00edm sa nov\u00e9ho jazyka v \u0161kolsk\u00fdch podmienkach a dosiahne svoj potenci\u00e1l. Preto je logick\u00e9, \u017ee dobr\u00e1 v\u00fdu\u010dba mus\u00ed efekt\u00edvne vyu\u017e\u00edva\u0165 v\u0161etky poznatky o tom, ako sa jednotliv\u00e9 deti u\u010dia. Existuj\u00fa ur\u010dit\u00e9 strat\u00e9gie, ktor\u00e9 zlep\u0161uj\u00fa schopnos\u0165 mozgu prij\u00edma\u0165 nov\u00e9 inform\u00e1cie, vy\u017eaduj\u00fa si v\u0161ak starostliv\u00e9ho a zanieten\u00e9ho u\u010dite\u013ea, ktor\u00fd bude vyu\u010dovanie vies\u0165 odborne, a z\u00e1rove\u0148 <a href=\"https:\/\/jazykyhravo.umb.sk\/index.php\/komunikacne\/\">primerane veku<\/a> mlad\u0161\u00edch \u017eiakov \u2013 hravo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/jazykyhravo.umb.sk\/index.php\/digitalne-technologie\/\">Predch\u00e1dzaj\u00faci<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/jazykyhravo.umb.sk\/index.php\/psycho-lingvisticke-teorie\/\">\u010eal\u0161\u00ed<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>jazyky hravo \u2013 \u010do hovor\u00ed veda &#8211; te\u00f3rie osvojovania si jazykov Pre\u010do je nevyhnutn\u00e9, aby ka\u017ed\u00fd, kto t\u00fa\u017ei, aby sa jeho die\u0165a\/\u017eiak nau\u010dil jazyk, pochopil, na ak\u00fdch teoretick\u00fdch, v\u00fdskumom overen\u00fdch z\u00e1kladoch stoj\u00ed dobr\u00e1 prax v\u00fdu\u010dby jazykov? Bez pochopenia teoretick\u00fdch v\u00fdchod\u00edsk bude u\u010dite\u013e mo\u017eno vedie\u0165 pripravi\u0165 nieko\u013eko vyu\u010dovac\u00edch hod\u00edn \u2013 \u010di u\u017e intuit\u00edvne, alebo na z\u00e1klade&hellip;&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/jazykyhravo.umb.sk\/index.php\/z-teorii-ucenia-sa-jazyka\/\" class=\"\" rel=\"bookmark\">\u010c\u00edta\u0165 viac &raquo;<span class=\"screen-reader-text\">te\u00f3rie osvojovania si jazykov<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"neve_meta_sidebar":"","neve_meta_container":"","neve_meta_enable_content_width":"","neve_meta_content_width":0,"neve_meta_title_alignment":"","neve_meta_author_avatar":"","neve_post_elements_order":"","neve_meta_disable_header":"","neve_meta_disable_footer":"","neve_meta_disable_title":"","footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-1370","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/jazykyhravo.umb.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1370","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/jazykyhravo.umb.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/jazykyhravo.umb.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jazykyhravo.umb.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jazykyhravo.umb.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1370"}],"version-history":[{"count":15,"href":"https:\/\/jazykyhravo.umb.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1370\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2340,"href":"https:\/\/jazykyhravo.umb.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1370\/revisions\/2340"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/jazykyhravo.umb.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1370"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}