{"id":779,"date":"2024-09-06T07:45:12","date_gmt":"2024-09-06T07:45:12","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/jazykyhravo.umb.sk\/?page_id=779"},"modified":"2025-01-07T17:56:52","modified_gmt":"2025-01-07T17:56:52","slug":"vyvinove-specifika","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/jazykyhravo.umb.sk\/index.php\/vyvinove-specifika\/","title":{"rendered":"ako sa die\u0165a u\u010d\u00ed jazyky"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/jazykyhravo.umb.sk\/\">jazyky hravo<\/a> &#8211; <a href=\"https:\/\/jazykyhravo.umb.sk\/index.php\/na-dokazoch\/\">\u010do hovor\u00ed veda<\/a> &#8211; ako sa die\u0165a u\u010d\u00ed jazyky<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"682\" height=\"713\" src=\"https:\/\/jazykyhravo.umb.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/carovanie.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1426\" style=\"width:227px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/jazykyhravo.umb.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/carovanie.jpg 682w, https:\/\/jazykyhravo.umb.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/carovanie-287x300.jpg 287w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 682px) 100vw, 682px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Ako sa die\u0165a u\u010d\u00ed jazyky? &#8211; Inak ne\u017e ostatn\u00ed<\/strong> <strong>\u013eudia.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201eV\u0161etko, \u010do sa na vyu\u010dovan\u00ed dosiahne, v kone\u010dnom d\u00f4sledku z\u00e1vis\u00ed od toho, \u010do sa deje v psychike u\u010diaceho sa jedinca\u201c (<a href=\"https:\/\/jazykyhravo.umb.sk\/index.php\/kniznica-odbornej-literatury\/\">Lojov\u00e1, 2005<\/a>, s. 31).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Pod\u013ea <a href=\"https:\/\/jazykyhravo.umb.sk\/index.php\/kniznica-odbornej-literatury\/\">Piageta (1997)<\/a> je pou\u017e\u00edvanie jazyka a porozumenie cudzej re\u010di podmienen\u00e9 \u00farov\u0148ami ment\u00e1lneho v\u00fdvinu, ktor\u00fd sa dynamicky men\u00ed s prib\u00fadaj\u00facim vekom. <a href=\"https:\/\/jazykyhravo.umb.sk\/index.php\/kniznica-odbornej-literatury\/\">Bruner (1983)<\/a> a <a href=\"https:\/\/jazykyhravo.umb.sk\/index.php\/kniznica-odbornej-literatury\/\">Donaldson (1978)<\/a> poukazovali na to, \u017ee die\u0165a rozm\u00fd\u0161\u013ea a u\u010d\u00ed sa \u00faplne inak v jednotliv\u00fdch f\u00e1zach v\u00fdvinu, v\u00fdrazn\u00e9 s\u00fa odli\u0161nosti vo\u010di neskor\u0161\u00edm vekov\u00fdm obdobiam. Tento proces opisuje lingvopedagogika, ktorej z\u00e1kladn\u00fdm v\u00fdchodiskom je t\u00e9za, \u017ee spozn\u00e1vanie a osvojovanie si jazyka je in\u00e9 u det\u00ed a in\u00e9 u dospel\u00fdch (vr\u00e1tane t\u00edned\u017eersk\u00e9ho veku).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Pri sk\u00faman\u00ed detsk\u00e9ho myslenia a osvojovania si jazyka je potrebn\u00e9 uvedomi\u0165 si, \u017ee tradi\u010dn\u00e1 v\u00fdu\u010dba cudzieho jazyka r\u00e1ta so \u017eiakom, ktor\u00fd u\u017e vie p\u00edsa\u0165, nie je za\u010diato\u010dn\u00edk v u\u010den\u00ed sa obsahov r\u00f4znych vyu\u010dovac\u00edch predmetov a m\u00e1 u\u017e rozvinut\u00e9 aj vy\u0161\u0161ie \u00farovne myslenia (schopnos\u0165 analyzova\u0165, abstraktne myslie\u0165, syntetizova\u0165, hodnoti\u0165), preto\u017ee u\u017e viac rokov chod\u00ed do \u0161koly (v pr\u00edpade za\u010diatku v\u00fdu\u010dby cudzieho jazyka od 3. alebo 4. ro\u010dn\u00edka). Rovnako je v\u00fdznamn\u00fdm faktom to, \u017ee die\u0165a do 8-9 rokov m\u00e1 \u00faplne in\u00e9 potreby ne\u017e star\u0161ie deti. V\u00fdskumy detskej psychol\u00f3gie ukazuj\u00fa na \u0161tyri d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9 oblasti, kde s\u00fa rozdiely v zm\u00fd\u0161\u013ean\u00ed die\u0165a\u0165a a dospel\u00e9ho \u010dloveka. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>V \u010dom sa l\u00ed\u0161i detsk\u00e9 myslenie?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>nie je teoretick\u00e9, ale praktick\u00e9, via\u017ee sa k \u010dinnosti;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>rozv\u00edja sa v interakcii s in\u00fdmi \u013eu\u010fmi;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>umo\u017e\u0148uje pochopi\u0165 svet objekt\u00edvnej reality pomocou zmyslov\u00fdch org\u00e1nov;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>pri\u0165ahuj\u00fa zn\u00e1me (u\u017e poznan\u00e9) situ\u00e1cie a ich \u0161trukt\u00fary.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Detsk\u00e9 myslenie a osobitosti detsk\u00e9ho u\u010denia sa je mo\u017en\u00e9 zhrn\u00fa\u0165 nasledovne:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Detsk\u00e9 u\u010denie sa je zalo\u017een\u00e9 na \u010dinnosti.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Detsk\u00e9 u\u010denie sa je \u00faspe\u0161n\u00e9, ak je v\u00fdu\u010dba z\u00e1merne orientovan\u00e1 na \u017eiaka.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>K u\u010deniu sa jazyka doch\u00e1dza v interakcii s in\u00fdmi.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Die\u0165a sa u\u010d\u00ed cez zmyslupln\u00e9 \u00falohy a<a href=\"https:\/\/jazykyhravo.umb.sk\/index.php\/prostredie\/\"> zmyslupln\u00fd<\/a> obsah.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Pre\u010do ten, kto chce u\u010di\u0165 deti jazyky, potrebuje aj teoretick\u00e9 poznatky z lingvodidaktiky? &#8211; Preto, lebo mu umo\u017enia pochopi\u0165, ak\u00e9 prostredie deti potrebuj\u00fa pre svoje efekt\u00edvne u\u010denie sa jazykov. <\/strong>Malo by to by\u0165 prostredie, v ktorom maj\u00fa zabezpe\u010den\u00e9 bohat\u00e9 mo\u017enosti inputu cudzieho jazyka, a pritom nie s\u00fa n\u00faten\u00e9 do jazykovej produkcie, k\u00fdm na to nie s\u00fa pripraven\u00e9 a osobne odhodlan\u00e9.<strong> U\u010denie sa cudzieho jazyka v detskom veku je osloboden\u00e9 od lingvistick\u00fdch ohrani\u010den\u00ed. <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Pre naplnenie vyt\u00fd\u010den\u00fdch cie\u013eov v\u00fdu\u010dby jazyka je podstatn\u00e9 detailne sa obozn\u00e1mi\u0165 so \u0161pecifikami detsk\u00e9ho myslenia a procesov, ktor\u00e9 prebiehaj\u00fa v jeho mysli po\u010das u\u010denia sa. U\u010ditelia v prim\u00e1rnom vzdel\u00e1van\u00ed musia pozna\u0165 \u0161pecifik\u00e1 mlad\u0161ieho \u0161kolsk\u00e9ho veku, ale z\u00e1rove\u0148 s\u00fa vhodn\u00e9 a vyu\u017eite\u013en\u00e9 aj inform\u00e1cie o predch\u00e1dzaj\u00facom, pred\u0161kolskom obdob\u00ed. S\u00fa\u010dasne je nevyhnutn\u00e9, aby u\u010dite\u013e disponoval sp\u00f4sobilos\u0165ou, ako rozv\u00edja\u0165 schopnosti strategick\u00e9ho myslenia \u017eiakov, ich kreativity, schopnosti riskova\u0165, at\u010f.).<strong> <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u00daspe\u0161nou je tak\u00e1 po\u010diato\u010dn\u00e1 v\u00fdu\u010dba jazyka, ktor\u00e1 je bohat\u00e1 na obsah a \u010dinnosti, lebo je v s\u00falade s detsk\u00fdm sp\u00f4sobom ch\u00e1pania sveta. <\/strong>Ke\u010f s\u00fa vytvoren\u00e9 vhodn\u00e9 podmienky, \u00faspech takejto v\u00fdu\u010dby m\u00f4\u017ee mnohon\u00e1sobn\u00fd. Tieto podmienky sp\u013a\u0148a napr\u00edklad<strong> vyu\u010dovanie jazyka integrovan\u00e9 s obsahom (CLIL).<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/jazykyhravo.umb.sk\/index.php\/na-dokazoch\/\">Predch\u00e1dzaj\u00faci<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/jazykyhravo.umb.sk\/index.php\/osvojovanie-vs-ucenie-sa-jazyka\/\">\u010eal\u0161\u00ed<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>jazyky hravo &#8211; \u010do hovor\u00ed veda &#8211; ako sa die\u0165a u\u010d\u00ed jazyky Ako sa die\u0165a u\u010d\u00ed jazyky? &#8211; Inak ne\u017e ostatn\u00ed \u013eudia. \u201eV\u0161etko, \u010do sa na vyu\u010dovan\u00ed dosiahne, v kone\u010dnom d\u00f4sledku z\u00e1vis\u00ed od toho, \u010do sa deje v psychike u\u010diaceho sa jedinca\u201c (Lojov\u00e1, 2005, s. 31). Pod\u013ea Piageta (1997) je pou\u017e\u00edvanie jazyka a porozumenie cudzej&hellip;&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/jazykyhravo.umb.sk\/index.php\/vyvinove-specifika\/\" class=\"\" rel=\"bookmark\">\u010c\u00edta\u0165 viac &raquo;<span class=\"screen-reader-text\">ako sa die\u0165a u\u010d\u00ed jazyky<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"neve_meta_sidebar":"","neve_meta_container":"","neve_meta_enable_content_width":"","neve_meta_content_width":0,"neve_meta_title_alignment":"","neve_meta_author_avatar":"","neve_post_elements_order":"","neve_meta_disable_header":"","neve_meta_disable_footer":"","neve_meta_disable_title":"","footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-779","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/jazykyhravo.umb.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/779","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/jazykyhravo.umb.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/jazykyhravo.umb.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jazykyhravo.umb.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jazykyhravo.umb.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=779"}],"version-history":[{"count":27,"href":"https:\/\/jazykyhravo.umb.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/779\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2321,"href":"https:\/\/jazykyhravo.umb.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/779\/revisions\/2321"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/jazykyhravo.umb.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=779"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}