{"id":859,"date":"2024-09-23T06:16:44","date_gmt":"2024-09-23T06:16:44","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/jazykyhravo.umb.sk\/?page_id=859"},"modified":"2024-11-25T12:04:41","modified_gmt":"2024-11-25T12:04:41","slug":"jednoslovne-odpovede","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/jazykyhravo.umb.sk\/index.php\/jednoslovne-odpovede\/","title":{"rendered":"jednoslovn\u00e9 odpovede"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

jazyky hravo<\/a> \u2013 ako u\u010di\u0165<\/a> \u2013 po\u010d\u00favanie a hovorenie<\/a> – jednoslovn\u00e9 odpovede<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Druh\u00fd krok k \u00faspechu je, \u017ee \u017eiak sa odv\u00e1\u017ei vyslovi\u0165 jednoslovn\u00e9 odpovede<\/u><\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ka\u017ed\u00e9 die\u0165a potrebuje svoj \u010das, k\u00fdm sa za\u010dne c\u00edti\u0165 na hodine cudzieho jazyka bezpe\u010dne, k\u00fdm v \u0148om dozrieva rados\u0165 z toho, \u017ee rozumie pokynom u\u010dite\u013ea a vznikne v \u0148om prirodzen\u00e1 t\u00fa\u017eba nie\u010do dok\u00e1za\u0165 poveda\u0165 v cudzom jazyku.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Medzi tich\u00fdm obdob\u00edm a skuto\u010dnou produkciou re\u010di existuje ur\u010dit\u00e9 medziobdobie osvojovania si jazyka, tzv. pred-produkcia (pre-production stage), ktor\u00e1 je ob\u010das prehliadan\u00e1, a predsa ve\u013emi pom\u00f4\u017ee \u017eiakom v ich po\u010diatkoch hovorenia v cudzom jazyku. Ide o to, \u017ee medzi porozumen\u00edm po\u010dut\u00e9ho (in\u0161trukci\u00e1m, pr\u00edbehom) a samostatnou produkciou re\u010di \u017eiakom je potrebn\u00e1 zna\u010dn\u00e1 vizu\u00e1lna a nonverb\u00e1lna pomoc zo strany u\u010dite\u013ea. Plat\u00ed, \u017ee u\u010dite\u013eovo povzbudzovanie, v zmysle Vygotsk\u00e9ho te\u00f3rie, umo\u017e\u0148uje \u017eiakom dosahova\u0165 v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ie pokroky. R\u00fdchlej\u0161ie sa \u201erozhovoria\u201c a posun\u00fa do najbli\u017e\u0161ej z\u00f3ny svojho v\u00fdvinu. Opakom je stagn\u00e1cia, zaost\u00e1vanie a samotn\u00e1 strata motiv\u00e1cie u\u010di\u0165 sa nov\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V tomto medziobdob\u00ed m\u00f4\u017ee u\u010dite\u013e \u017eiakov pripravi\u0165 na skuto\u010dn\u00e9 produk\u010dn\u00e9 obdobie r\u00f4znymi met\u00f3dami. Efekt\u00edvnou strat\u00e9giou je kladenie ot\u00e1zok, ktor\u00e9 si vy\u017eaduj\u00fa rozhodovanie sa. O\u010dak\u00e1va sa iba jednoslovn\u00e1 odpove\u010f \u2013 napr\u00edklad \u00e1no\/nie. Aj napriek tomu, \u017ee \u017eiak povedal len jedno slovo, bude ma\u0165 pocit, \u017ee \u201ehovoril\u201c cudz\u00edm jazykom, povzbud\u00ed ho to a nadobudne pocit, \u017ee u\u017e vie komunikova\u0165. Napr\u00edklad: U\u010dite\u013e ukazuje obr\u00e1zky r\u00f4zneho ovocia a p\u00fdta sa det\u00ed: \u201eM\u00e1\u0161 r\u00e1d jablko? M\u00e1\u0161 r\u00e1d kiwi?\u201c A deti odpovedaj\u00fa: \u201e\u00c1no.\/Nie.\u201c Alebo m\u00f4\u017ee pokro\u010di\u0165 \u010falej, prinesie misku s ovoc\u00edm. Vezmi si jedno a zahryzne sa do\u0148 a n\u00faka aj de\u0165om s ot\u00e1zkou: \u201eDal by si si\u2026. ? D\u00e1\u0161 si?\u201c Deti \u010doskoro pochopia rozdiel medzi oboma vetami a im sta\u010d\u00ed len odpoveda\u0165: \u201e\u00c1no.\/Nie.\u201c<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pinterov\u00e1 (2006<\/a>) odpor\u00fa\u010da prejs\u0165 k rozpr\u00e1vaniu u\u010den\u00edm tzv. nemenn\u00fdch ust\u00e1len\u00fdch spojen\u00ed, napr\u00edklad: Dovidenia! (See you later!) alebo Ak\u00e9 prekvapenie! (What a surprise!); \u010co m\u00e1\u0161 r\u00e1d? (What do you like?); Si na rade! (It\u2019s your turn!); Nerozumiem. (I don\u2019t understand.). Tieto v\u00fdrazy im potom pom\u00f4\u017eu pou\u017e\u00edva\u0165 \u010diasto\u010dne fixovan\u00e9 vetn\u00e9 spojenia, do ktor\u00fdch len dop\u013a\u0148aj\u00fa jedno in\u00e9 slovo, napr\u00edklad: M\u00e1m r\u00e1d zmrzlinu., M\u00e1m r\u00e1d hranolky., M\u00e1m r\u00e1d\u2026. Aj pr\u00e1ca s jednoduch\u00fdm pr\u00edbehom alebo s obr\u00e1zkami a predmetmi m\u00f4\u017ee \u017eiakov pripravi\u0165 na reproduk\u010dn\u00e9 obdobie. Pr\u00edbeh by sa mal \u017eiakom \u010d\u00edta\u0165 zjednodu\u0161ene. \u017diakom sta\u010d\u00ed vedie\u0165 len k\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00e9 slov\u00e1. Dobrou pom\u00f4ckou je logick\u00e9 zoradenie k\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00fdch slov do tabu\u013eky. Do rozpr\u00e1vania pr\u00edbehu mo\u017eno vlo\u017ei\u0165 aj hlb\u0161ie my\u0161lienkov\u00e9 \u010dinnosti, napr\u00edklad \u017eiaci maj\u00fa h\u00e1da\u0165, \u010do bude na \u010fal\u0161ej strane (napr\u00edklad pr\u00edbeh Where is Spot, kde deti h\u00e1daj\u00fa, ak\u00e9 zviera je ukryt\u00e9 v r\u00f4znych \u010dastiach izby). Tak\u00e9to vyu\u017eitie pr\u00edbehov je ve\u013emi u\u017eito\u010dn\u00e9 u\u017e v prvej, ranej f\u00e1ze \u00fastnej produkcie. Najlep\u0161\u00edmi pr\u00edbehmi s\u00fa zn\u00e1me rozpr\u00e1vky (napr. Ako dedko \u0165ahal repu), preto\u017ee k pochopeniu obsahu doch\u00e1dza aj skrz materinsk\u00fd jazyk.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Predch\u00e1dzaj\u00faci<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u010eal\u0161\u00ed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

jazyky hravo \u2013 ako u\u010di\u0165 \u2013 po\u010d\u00favanie a hovorenie – jednoslovn\u00e9 odpovede Druh\u00fd krok k \u00faspechu je, \u017ee \u017eiak sa odv\u00e1\u017ei vyslovi\u0165 jednoslovn\u00e9 odpovede. Ka\u017ed\u00e9 die\u0165a potrebuje svoj \u010das, k\u00fdm sa za\u010dne c\u00edti\u0165 na hodine cudzieho jazyka bezpe\u010dne, k\u00fdm v \u0148om dozrieva rados\u0165 z toho, \u017ee rozumie pokynom u\u010dite\u013ea a vznikne v \u0148om prirodzen\u00e1 t\u00fa\u017eba nie\u010do… \u010c\u00edta\u0165 viac »jednoslovn\u00e9 odpovede<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"neve_meta_sidebar":"","neve_meta_container":"","neve_meta_enable_content_width":"","neve_meta_content_width":0,"neve_meta_title_alignment":"","neve_meta_author_avatar":"","neve_post_elements_order":"","neve_meta_disable_header":"","neve_meta_disable_footer":"","neve_meta_disable_title":"","footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-859","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/jazykyhravo.umb.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/859","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/jazykyhravo.umb.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/jazykyhravo.umb.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jazykyhravo.umb.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jazykyhravo.umb.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=859"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"https:\/\/jazykyhravo.umb.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/859\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2135,"href":"https:\/\/jazykyhravo.umb.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/859\/revisions\/2135"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/jazykyhravo.umb.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=859"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}