{"id":874,"date":"2024-09-23T06:19:08","date_gmt":"2024-09-23T06:19:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/jazykyhravo.umb.sk\/?page_id=874"},"modified":"2025-01-07T19:57:53","modified_gmt":"2025-01-07T19:57:53","slug":"na-urovni-viet","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/jazykyhravo.umb.sk\/index.php\/na-urovni-viet\/","title":{"rendered":"na \u00farovni viet"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

jazyky hravo<\/a> \u2013 ako u\u010di\u0165<\/a> \u2013 \u010d\u00edtanie a p\u00edsanie<\/a> – na \u00farovni viet<\/p>\n\n\n\n

K zru\u010dnosti \u017eiakov \u010d\u00edta\u0165 na \u00farovni viet doch\u00e1dza a\u017e postupne, preto je potrebn\u00e9 po\u010dka\u0165<\/strong> (B\u00e9re\u0161ov\u00e1, 2016<\/a>). Vhodn\u00e9 je za\u010da\u0165 tak, \u017ee \u017eiaci sa najsk\u00f4r hraj\u00fa so slovn\u00fdmi kartami tak, \u017ee ich odhadom ukladaj\u00fa pod\u013ea slovosledu vo vete<\/strong>. U\u010dite\u013e m\u00f4\u017ee rozstrihn\u00fa\u0165 vetu (napr\u00edklad piese\u0148, b\u00e1se\u0148) a \u017eiaci slov\u00e1 zora\u010fuj\u00fa do spr\u00e1vneho poradia. Takto sa obozn\u00e1mia so slovami a vetami textu. N\u00e1sledne ich u\u010dite\u013e povzbudzuje k samostatn\u00e9mu tich\u00e9mu \u010d\u00edtaniu s nejakou \u00falohou \u2013 napr\u00edklad maj\u00fa vyh\u013eada\u0165 nejak\u00fa inform\u00e1ciu. U\u017eito\u010dn\u00e9 s\u00fa aj tak\u00e9 \u00falohy, v ktor\u00fdch \u017eiaci \u010d\u00edtaj\u00fa vo dvojiciach alebo v skupin\u00e1ch (Gondov\u00e1, 2013<\/a>, s. 120), a je d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9, aby \u010d\u00edtali nahlas.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V procese n\u00e1cviku \u010d\u00edtania a p\u00edsania na \u00farovni vety a textu je nevyhnutn\u00e9 poskytn\u00fa\u0165 <\/strong>im dostatok vzorov<\/strong>, pri\u010dom sa vych\u00e1dza od pr\u00edsne \u0161trukt\u00farovanej podoby (Lojov\u00e1, Strakov\u00e1, 2012<\/a>). Vhodn\u00fdmi pre t\u00fato f\u00e1zu n\u00e1cviku s\u00fa aktivity sp\u00e1jania dvoch \u010dast\u00ed rozdelenej vety, zora\u010fovanie slov do vety, vypl\u0148ovanie tabu\u013eky), a\u017e nesk\u00f4r sa prejde k vo\u013ene \u0161trukt\u00farovanej podobe p\u00edsania. M\u00f4\u017eu postupova\u0165 takto: (1) najsk\u00f4r verb\u00e1lny opis obr\u00e1zka, (2) zoradi\u0165 p\u00edsan\u00fd opis obr\u00e1zka rozstrihan\u00fd na vety, (3) sami opisuj\u00fa nimi vytvoren\u00fd obr\u00e1zok (tamtie\u017e, s. 184-185).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pri u\u010den\u00ed sa p\u00edsania smeruj\u00fa hry so slovami k tvorbe viet, kr\u00e1tkych textov, ako s\u00fa spr\u00e1vy, blaho\u017eelania <\/strong>a pod. P\u00edsanie mo\u017eno rozv\u00edja\u0165 aj prostredn\u00edctvom nahr\u00e1dzania niektor\u00fdch slov v u\u017e pripraven\u00fdch vet\u00e1ch<\/strong> (Moja sestra m\u00e1 5 rokov a jej z\u00e1\u013euba je hranie tenisu \u2013 Nahradi\u0165 treba \u00fadaj o veku a hobby). Z tak\u00fdchto viet napokon m\u00f4\u017ee vznikn\u00fa\u0165 aj s\u00favislej\u0161\u00ed text, napr\u00edklad tvorivo nap\u00edsan\u00fd opis seba, svojej rodiny a pod. \u017diaci v\u0161ak e\u0161te neovl\u00e1daj\u00fa gramatick\u00e9 pravidl\u00e1, pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa svoje predch\u00e1dzaj\u00face vedomosti a zru\u010dnosti, ktor\u00e9 nadobudli v n\u00e1cviku hovorenia a po\u010d\u00favania s porozumen\u00edm. Nie je nevyhnutn\u00e9, aby sa \u010d\u00edtanie a p\u00edsanie na \u00farovni viet vyu\u010dovalo v laviciach, so sklonen\u00fdmi hlavami \u017eiakov nad pracovn\u00fdmi zo\u0161itmi. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

U\u010dite\u013e m\u00f4\u017ee pracova\u0165 s akouko\u013evek rozpr\u00e1vkou (alebo pr\u00edbehom) a uvies\u0165 ju tak, \u017ee n\u00e1zov rozpr\u00e1vky rozp\u00ed\u0161e na samolepiace papieriky obsahuj\u00face len jedno slovo z n\u00e1zvu a tie rozd\u00e1 \u017eiakom. \u017diaci stoja v polkruhu, v ruk\u00e1ch vidite\u013ene dr\u017eia papierik a ka\u017ed\u00fd pre\u010d\u00edta svoje slovo. Potom sa pok\u00fasia \u201epremiestni\u0165\u201c pod\u013ea jazykov\u00e9ho pravidla (napr. slovosled vo vete, zhoda \u010d\u00edsla a pod.), ktor\u00e9 maj\u00fa podvedome osvojen\u00e9, aby vytvorili spr\u00e1vny n\u00e1zov pr\u00edbehu. \u00dalohou ostatn\u00fdch \u017eiakov je tento n\u00e1zov pre\u010d\u00edta\u0165. Na tejto z\u00e1sade funguje aj hra \u201eTajn\u00e9 odkazy<\/strong>\u201c, kde \u017eiaci dostan\u00fa pomie\u0161an\u00e9 slov\u00e1 jednej vety. Musia ich da\u0165 do spr\u00e1vneho poradia, aby dostali spr\u00e1vnu vetu, musia t\u00fa vetu rekon\u0161truova\u0165. T\u00fato rekon\u0161trukciu m\u00f4\u017eu \u017eiaci robi\u0165 na \u010das a m\u00f4\u017eu medzi sebou s\u00fa\u0165a\u017ei\u0165. \u00daloha, v ktorej sa vy\u017eaduje logick\u00e9 myslenie, posil\u0148uje osvojovanie si gramatickej skladby vety a je u\u017eito\u010dn\u00e1 aj pri opakovan\u00ed. Deti ju maj\u00fa ve\u013emi rady, najm\u00e4 ak s\u00fa vety vtipn\u00e9 alebo im pripom\u00ednaj\u00fa poznan\u00fa rozpr\u00e1vku. Ide o sp\u00f4sob hrav\u00e9ho u\u010denia sa, po\u010das ktor\u00e9ho nast\u00e1va neuvedomovan\u00e9 osvojovanie si spr\u00e1vnych gramatick\u00fdch \u0161trukt\u00far a pravidiel.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

K precvi\u010dovaniu p\u00edsania na \u00farovni viet sl\u00fa\u017ei aj \u010fal\u0161ia ve\u013emi ob\u013e\u00faben\u00e1 met\u00f3da \u2013 tvorba detskej knihy alebo ilustrovan\u00e9ho albumu<\/strong>. T\u00e9mou m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 vypo\u010dut\u00e1 rozpr\u00e1vka alebo aj ur\u010dit\u00fd ukon\u010den\u00fd tematick\u00fd celok. Ak boli t\u00e9mou napr\u00edklad zvierat\u00e1, deti si m\u00f4\u017eu vytvori\u0165 kni\u017en\u00e9ho sprievodcu v ZOO s menami zvierat, odkia\u013e poch\u00e1dzaj\u00fa, ako \u017eij\u00fa at\u010f. Ka\u017ed\u00fa stranu albumu alebo knihy m\u00f4\u017ee robi\u0165 in\u00e1 skupina \u017eiakov. Po ukon\u010den\u00ed je vhodn\u00e9 vystavi\u0165 ju v triede ako spolo\u010dn\u00e9 dielo. Pozn\u00e1mka: Pinterov\u00e1 (2006)<\/a> a Cameronov\u00e1 (2005)<\/a> zd\u00f4raz\u0148uj\u00fa, \u017ee je d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9 zabezpe\u010di\u0165 aj \u010ditate\u013eov textov, ktor\u00e9 \u017eiaci nap\u00ed\u0161u \u2013 teda aby vn\u00edmali, \u017ee ich p\u00edsanie m\u00e1 re\u00e1lny, autentick\u00fd v\u00fdznam. Efekt\u00edvnej\u0161ie je preto, ak p\u00ed\u0161u samostatne a p\u00ed\u0161u nejak\u00e9mu spolu\u017eiakovi a in\u00e9mu (napr. pr\u00edbeh, poh\u013eadnicu).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Celkovo teda mo\u017eno poveda\u0165, \u017ee po\u010das n\u00e1cviku p\u00edsania nejde u\u010dite\u013eom len o kop\u00edrovanie a tr\u00e9novanie pravopisu, hoci k cie\u013eom t\u00fdchto \u010dinnost\u00ed ur\u010dite patr\u00ed schopnos\u0165 \u017eiaka nap\u00edsa\u0165 spr\u00e1vne v\u0161etky p\u00edsmen\u00e1 abecedy a spr\u00e1vne odp\u00edsa\u0165 slov\u00e1 a kr\u00e1tke vety. \u017diaci by mali by\u0165 schopn\u00ed op\u00edsa\u0165 to, \u010d\u00edm \u017eij\u00fa, hra\u0165 sa so slovami, vym\u00fd\u0161\u013ea\u0165 k slov\u00e1m r\u00fdmy, vyjadri\u0165 pocity. Znamen\u00e1 to, \u017ee na konci 4. ro\u010dn\u00edka bud\u00fa vedie\u0165 v p\u00edsomnej podobe poda\u0165 o sebe inform\u00e1cie \u2013 meno, vek, adresa, z\u00e1ujmy, a teda aj nap\u00edsa\u0165 nieko\u013eko viet o sebe (Lojov\u00e1, Strakov\u00e1, 2012)<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Predch\u00e1dzaj\u00faci<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u010eal\u0161\u00ed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

jazyky hravo \u2013 ako u\u010di\u0165 \u2013 \u010d\u00edtanie a p\u00edsanie – na \u00farovni viet K zru\u010dnosti \u017eiakov \u010d\u00edta\u0165 na \u00farovni viet doch\u00e1dza a\u017e postupne, preto je potrebn\u00e9 po\u010dka\u0165 (B\u00e9re\u0161ov\u00e1, 2016). Vhodn\u00e9 je za\u010da\u0165 tak, \u017ee \u017eiaci sa najsk\u00f4r hraj\u00fa so slovn\u00fdmi kartami tak, \u017ee ich odhadom ukladaj\u00fa pod\u013ea slovosledu vo vete. U\u010dite\u013e m\u00f4\u017ee rozstrihn\u00fa\u0165 vetu (napr\u00edklad… \u010c\u00edta\u0165 viac »na \u00farovni viet<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"neve_meta_sidebar":"","neve_meta_container":"","neve_meta_enable_content_width":"","neve_meta_content_width":0,"neve_meta_title_alignment":"","neve_meta_author_avatar":"","neve_post_elements_order":"","neve_meta_disable_header":"","neve_meta_disable_footer":"","neve_meta_disable_title":"","footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-874","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/jazykyhravo.umb.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/874","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/jazykyhravo.umb.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/jazykyhravo.umb.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jazykyhravo.umb.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jazykyhravo.umb.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=874"}],"version-history":[{"count":12,"href":"https:\/\/jazykyhravo.umb.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/874\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2367,"href":"https:\/\/jazykyhravo.umb.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/874\/revisions\/2367"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/jazykyhravo.umb.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=874"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}