{"id":966,"date":"2024-09-25T05:27:43","date_gmt":"2024-09-25T05:27:43","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/jazykyhravo.umb.sk\/?page_id=966"},"modified":"2025-01-07T20:11:25","modified_gmt":"2025-01-07T20:11:25","slug":"v-kontexte","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/jazykyhravo.umb.sk\/index.php\/v-kontexte\/","title":{"rendered":"v kontexte"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/jazykyhravo.umb.sk\/\">jazyky hravo<\/a> \u2013 <a href=\"https:\/\/jazykyhravo.umb.sk\/index.php\/co-premysliet\/\">ako u\u010di\u0165<\/a> \u2013 <a href=\"https:\/\/jazykyhravo.umb.sk\/index.php\/slovnu-zasobu\/\">slovn\u00fa z\u00e1sobu<\/a> &#8211; v kontexte<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Na rozdiel od ml\u00e1de\u017ee a dospel\u00fdch, u det\u00ed funguje opa\u010dn\u00fd proces osvojovania jazyka. Deti sa neu\u010dia jazyk cez jednotliv\u00e9 slov\u00e1.<strong> Deti po\u010dut\u00fa vetu, text alebo situ\u00e1ciu vn\u00edmaj\u00fa ako jeden celok (glob\u00e1lne vn\u00edmanie), ktor\u00e9ho v\u00fdznam sa sna\u017eia pochopi\u0165 z kontextu \u2013 porozumen\u00edm viacer\u00fdch slov<\/strong>. Nevad\u00ed im, ak nerozumej\u00fa ka\u017ed\u00e9mu slovu. Rady si dom\u00fd\u0161\u013eaj\u00fa a d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9 je, \u017ee pri tejto \u010dinnosti najsk\u00f4r aktivizuj\u00fa svoje kognit\u00edvne funkcie a n\u00e1sledne rozv\u00edjaj\u00fa jazykov\u00e9 zru\u010dnosti. Po vypo\u010dut\u00ed vety si vytvoria vlastn\u00fa hypot\u00e9zu o tom, ak\u00fd m\u00e1 t\u00e1 veta v\u00fdznam. Pre pochopenie, resp. pre vytvorenie spr\u00e1vnych hypot\u00e9z o v\u00fdzname po\u010dutej vety hr\u00e1 ve\u013ek\u00fa rolu komunika\u010dn\u00e1 situ\u00e1cia, pohyb \u00fa\u010dastn\u00edkov v konverz\u00e1cii, mimika, gestikul\u00e1cia, in\u00fdmi slovami \u2013 nonverb\u00e1lne prostriedky. Na z\u00e1klade t\u00fdchto prostriedkov pochopia v\u00fdznam vety, pri\u010dom v\u00fdznam viacer\u00fdch slov vo vete len odhadn\u00fa, alebo im nevenuj\u00fa pozornos\u0165.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Hypot\u00e9zy die\u0165a\u0165a<\/strong> o tom, \u010do asi vypo\u010dut\u00e1 veta a jednotliv\u00e9 slov\u00e1 v nej znamenaj\u00fa, sa potvrdia aj po\u010das \u010fal\u0161ej interakcie. V porozumen\u00ed v\u00fdznamu nov\u00fdch slov v\u010faka vlastn\u00fdm hypot\u00e9zam zohr\u00e1va d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00fa \u00falohu aj hovorenie die\u0165a\u0165a na princ\u00edpe pokus \u2013 \u0161\u0165astie, \u010di\u017ee riskovanie. Die\u0165a, na rozdiel od dospel\u00e9ho, m\u00e1 jedine\u010dn\u00fa schopnos\u0165, a to, \u017ee si <strong>vie sam\u00e9 \u201evytvori\u0165\u201c v\u00fdznam slov<\/strong> (anglicky meaning-making). V jeho mysli prebieha proces k\u00f3dovania slov, v ktorom nov\u00e9 slov\u00e1 pretvor\u00ed na svoje vlastn\u00e9 slov\u00e1. Pr\u00edklad zo \u017eivota: \u0161tvorro\u010dn\u00fd chlapec sa nau\u010dil slovo Angli\u010dan, nevedel v\u0161ak n\u00e1zov pr\u00edslu\u0161n\u00edka Slovenska, tak si pod\u013ea jeho vzoru vytvoril vlastn\u00e9 slovo \u2013 Sloven\u010dan. Ke\u010f sa viezol so star\u00fdmi rodi\u010dmi autobusom, vysvet\u013eovali mu, \u017ee v noci chodia no\u010dn\u00e9 autobusov\u00e9 spoje. Autobusy, ktor\u00e9 chodia cez de\u0148, star\u00ed rodi\u010dia nenazvali \u017eiadnym spolo\u010dn\u00fdm n\u00e1zvom, tak\u00fd v sloven\u010dine nie je zau\u017e\u00edvan\u00fd. Chlapec v\u0161ak, v plnej v\u00e1\u017enosti, pod\u013ea vzoru no\u010dn\u00fdch vymyslel nov\u00e9 slovo aj pre autobusy chodiace cez de\u0148 \u2013 nazval ich \u201eden\u010dn\u00e9\u201c autobusy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Die\u0165a sa teda nez\u013eakne, ak sa stretne s nov\u00fdm, cudz\u00edm slovom, a ani ho nezauj\u00edma zmysel dan\u00e9ho v\u00fdrazu, ale sna\u017e\u00ed sa n\u00e1js\u0165 v\u00fdznam pod\u013ea seba. Dospel\u00fd, ktor\u00fd s n\u00edm komunikuje, jeho hypot\u00e9zu po\u010das \u010fal\u0161ieho rozpr\u00e1vania bu\u010f potvrd\u00ed, alebo vyvr\u00e1ti, ale ka\u017edop\u00e1dne mu \u010fal\u0161ia komunik\u00e1cia dospel\u00e9ho pom\u00f4\u017ee pri detailnej\u0161om objas\u0148ovan\u00ed. Tu sa potvrdzuje d\u00f4le\u017eitos\u0165 pomoci dospel\u00e9ho pri presune do z\u00f3ny najbli\u017e\u0161ieho, \u010fal\u0161ieho rozvoja (Vygotsky,1987) prostredn\u00edctvom poskytovania \u201ele\u0161enia\u201c (Bruner, 1983). <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Detsk\u00e9 glob\u00e1lne ch\u00e1panie jazyka profituje z r\u00f4znych sp\u00f4sobov u\u010denia sa nov\u00fdch slov<\/strong>. V tomto mu v\u00fddatne pom\u00e1haj\u00fa jazykovo zdatnej\u0161\u00ed spolukomunikuj\u00faci, vr\u00e1tane situa\u010dn\u00fdch a textov\u00fdch kontextov. Z tohto h\u013eadiska s\u00fa kr\u00e1tke \u017e\u00e1nre literat\u00fary pre deti jednozna\u010dne v\u00fdznamn\u00fdm podnetom pre osvojovanie si nov\u00fdch slov. Ide o b\u00e1sne, detsk\u00e9 pesni\u010dky, riekanky alebo rozpr\u00e1vky.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Princ\u00edp:<\/strong> Pre die\u0165a m\u00e1 u\u010denie sa nov\u00fdch slov v cudzom jazyku in\u00fd v\u00fdznam ne\u017e pre star\u0161ie vekov\u00e9 kateg\u00f3rie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/jazykyhravo.umb.sk\/index.php\/slovnu-zasobu\/\">Predch\u00e1dzaj\u00faci<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/jazykyhravo.umb.sk\/index.php\/hrou\/\">\u010eal\u0161\u00ed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>jazyky hravo \u2013 ako u\u010di\u0165 \u2013 slovn\u00fa z\u00e1sobu &#8211; v kontexte Na rozdiel od ml\u00e1de\u017ee a dospel\u00fdch, u det\u00ed funguje opa\u010dn\u00fd proces osvojovania jazyka. Deti sa neu\u010dia jazyk cez jednotliv\u00e9 slov\u00e1. Deti po\u010dut\u00fa vetu, text alebo situ\u00e1ciu vn\u00edmaj\u00fa ako jeden celok (glob\u00e1lne vn\u00edmanie), ktor\u00e9ho v\u00fdznam sa sna\u017eia pochopi\u0165 z kontextu \u2013 porozumen\u00edm viacer\u00fdch slov. Nevad\u00ed&hellip;&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/jazykyhravo.umb.sk\/index.php\/v-kontexte\/\" class=\"\" rel=\"bookmark\">\u010c\u00edta\u0165 viac &raquo;<span class=\"screen-reader-text\">v kontexte<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"neve_meta_sidebar":"","neve_meta_container":"","neve_meta_enable_content_width":"","neve_meta_content_width":0,"neve_meta_title_alignment":"","neve_meta_author_avatar":"","neve_post_elements_order":"","neve_meta_disable_header":"","neve_meta_disable_footer":"","neve_meta_disable_title":"","footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-966","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/jazykyhravo.umb.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/966","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/jazykyhravo.umb.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/jazykyhravo.umb.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jazykyhravo.umb.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jazykyhravo.umb.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=966"}],"version-history":[{"count":7,"href":"https:\/\/jazykyhravo.umb.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/966\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2372,"href":"https:\/\/jazykyhravo.umb.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/966\/revisions\/2372"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/jazykyhravo.umb.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=966"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}