{"id":969,"date":"2024-09-25T05:27:56","date_gmt":"2024-09-25T05:27:56","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/jazykyhravo.umb.sk\/?page_id=969"},"modified":"2025-01-07T20:13:49","modified_gmt":"2025-01-07T20:13:49","slug":"hrou","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/jazykyhravo.umb.sk\/index.php\/hrou\/","title":{"rendered":"hrou so slovami"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

jazyky hravo<\/a> \u2013 ako u\u010di\u0165<\/a> \u2013 slovn\u00fa z\u00e1sobu<\/a> – hrou so slovami<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Mlad\u0161ie deti sa u\u010dia nov\u00e9 slov\u00e1 inak ne\u017e t\u00edned\u017eeri alebo dospel\u00ed \u2013 t\u00ed sa zvy\u010dajne nov\u00fa slovn\u00fa z\u00e1sobu u\u010dia pomocou zoznamov slov (slovn\u00ed\u010dkov, slovn\u00edkov, karti\u010diek so slovami). Mlad\u0161ie deti nevn\u00edmaj\u00fa slov\u00e1 izolovane, preto im nez\u00e1le\u017e\u00ed na slovn\u00edkovom zora\u010fovan\u00ed.<\/strong> De\u0165om v porozumen\u00ed a zapam\u00e4tan\u00ed si v\u00fdznamu nov\u00e9ho slova pom\u00e1ha ur\u010dit\u00e1 situ\u00e1cia spojen\u00e1 s pohybovou \u010dinnos\u0165ou<\/strong>, s ktorou si ju spoj\u00ed. \u010cinnos\u0165 poskytuje die\u0165a\u0165u z\u00e1\u017eitok<\/strong>. Emocion\u00e1lne pre\u017e\u00edvanie<\/strong> posil\u0148uje proces zapam\u00e4t\u00e1vania. V triede sa d\u00e1 skoro ka\u017ed\u00e9 slovo \u201ezahra\u0165\u201c<\/strong> (naj\u010dastej\u0161ie pantom\u00edmou jednotlivcov \u010di v skupine). Takto mo\u017eno u\u010di\u0165 slovn\u00fa z\u00e1sobu k t\u00e9me re\u017eimu d\u0148a, k t\u00e9me \u0161portu alebo hre na hudobnom n\u00e1stroji. U\u010dite\u013e napr\u00edklad vyberie jedn\u00e9ho \u017eiaka, potom mu na\u0161epk\u00e1 do u\u0161\u00ed nejak\u00fd v\u00fdraz (um\u00fdvanie zubov, kajakovanie, hra na husliach at\u010f.), ktor\u00fd neverb\u00e1lne, bez slov, pohybom zn\u00e1zorn\u00ed ostatn\u00fdm. T\u00ed bu\u010f skupinovo, alebo individu\u00e1lne m\u00f4\u017eu vykr\u00edknu\u0165 (alebo sa najsk\u00f4r prihl\u00e1si\u0165), ktor\u00e9 slovo by to mohlo by\u0165.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u017edy je ve\u013emi potrebn\u00e9 da\u0165 de\u0165om bohat\u00fd<\/strong> input, t. j. rozsah a obsah novej slovnej z\u00e1soby v kontexte,<\/strong> ktor\u00fd u\u010dite\u013e poskytuje \u017eiakom. Nie je cie\u013eom, aby \u017eiaci reagovali bezchybn\u00fdmi odpove\u010fami, \u010di\u017ee aby mali bezchybn\u00fa produkciu (nie v\u017edy sa vedia dostato\u010dne s\u00fastredi\u0165, aby dok\u00e1zali \u201evytiahnu\u0165\u201c z pam\u00e4te vhodn\u00e9 slovo). U\u010dite\u013e cielene poskytuje \u017eiakom tak\u00e9 podnety, ktor\u00e9 ukazuj\u00fa na r\u00f4zne mo\u017enosti oboznamovania sa s jazykom<\/strong>, pri\u010dom \u017eiaci z\u00edskavaj\u00fa pocit \u00faspe\u0161nosti. Ke\u010f sa die\u0165a nemus\u00ed k\u0155\u010dovito s\u00fastredi\u0165 na dan\u00fd v\u00fdraz, ale m\u00e1 viacero mo\u017enost\u00ed vybra\u0165 si, napr\u00edklad sp\u00e1ja\u0165 obraz a slovn\u00fa karti\u010dku, je ove\u013ea pravdepodobnej\u0161ie, \u017ee v\u00fdsledkom aktivity bude \u00faspech, ktor\u00fd ho bude motivova\u0165 k \u010fal\u0161\u00edm pokusom s cudzou re\u010dou. Nasleduj\u00faci pr\u00edklad ukazuje mo\u017enos\u0165 opakovania a fix\u00e1cie slov sn\u00e1\u010f najjednoduch\u0161\u00edm vyu\u017eit\u00edm pohybu: U\u010dite\u013e stoj\u00ed v kruhu s de\u0165mi. Ide im postupne h\u00e1dza\u0165 loptu. S loptou v\u017edy \u201ehod\u00ed\u201c aj nov\u00e9 slovo, ktor\u00e9 ka\u017ed\u00fd \u017eiak, ktor\u00e9mu hodil loptu, mus\u00ed zopakova\u0165. To urob\u00ed so v\u0161etk\u00fdmi \u017eiakmi v skupine. Tak\u00fdmto sp\u00f4sobom sa za 1-2 min\u00faty slovo zopakuje aj 8-10-kr\u00e1t. U\u010dite\u013ea potom postupne m\u00f4\u017ee vystrieda\u0165 niektor\u00fd \u017eiak, \u010do pre\u0148ho znamen\u00e1 d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00fd krok pri rozv\u00edjan\u00ed jeho auton\u00f3mnosti. V\u00fdskumy ukazuj\u00fa, \u017ee fix\u00e1cia novej slovnej z\u00e1soby je \u00faspe\u0161n\u00e1 a\u017e po 7. opakovan\u00ed slova v r\u00f4znych kontextoch.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pokia\u013e chce u\u010dite\u013e precvi\u010dova\u0165 cel\u00fa skupinu nov\u00fdch slov, pom\u00f4\u017ee im pri tom, ak si ich nap\u00ed\u0161u na karti\u010dky alebo na poster<\/strong> a prilepia na stenu. Pokia\u013e e\u0161te ne\u010d\u00edtaj\u00fa, umiestnia na stenu karti\u010dky s obr\u00e1zkami, ktor\u00e9 zobrazuj\u00fa v\u00fdznam nov\u00fdch slov. Takto vidite\u013ene vystaven\u00e9 obr\u00e1zky na n\u00e1stenke, na stene, s jednoduch\u00fdmi textami v angli\u010dtine podporuj\u00fa tzv. podprahov\u00e9 u\u010denie sa. \u017diaci m\u00f4\u017eu ka\u017ed\u00fd de\u0148 pozera\u0165 na text na stene, na plag\u00e1te, a po nejakom \u010dase bud\u00fa schopn\u00e9 ho zopakova\u0165, hoci si ho osvojili len podvedome (Bal\u00e1\u017eov\u00e1, 1996<\/a>).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u010eal\u0161ou ve\u013emi z\u00e1\u017eitkovou<\/a> a u\u017eito\u010dnou formou u\u010denia sa novej lexiky s\u00fa \u00falohy s minim\u00e1lnou potrebou \u010d\u00edtania<\/strong>. Ob\u013e\u00fabenou hrou je \u201eslovn\u00fd had\u201c, ktor\u00fd obsahuje spolu 8 \u2013 10 neoddelen\u00fdch slov. Tie m\u00f4\u017eu by\u0165 nap\u00edsan\u00e9 bu\u010f na dlhok\u00e1nskom p\u00e1se papiera, alebo na tabuli. \u00dalohou \u017eiakov je n\u00e1js\u0165 hranice medzi slovami a bu\u010f cel\u00fd ten zoznam p\u00edsmen spr\u00e1vne pre\u010d\u00edta\u0165, alebo nap\u00edsa\u0165 (postupne slovo za slovom).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Inou aktivitou, rozv\u00edjaj\u00facou schopnos\u0165 \u017eiakov identifikova\u0165 jednotliv\u00e9 slov\u00e1, je napr\u00edklad osemsmerovka alebo in\u00e1 podobn\u00e1 my\u0161lienkovo-p\u00edsomn\u00e1 aktivita <\/strong>na \u0161tvor\u010dekovom papieri. Do \u0161tvor\u010dekov s\u00fa po p\u00edsmen\u00e1ch r\u00f4znym smerom umiestnen\u00e9 slov\u00e1. \u00dalohou \u017eiakov je, tak ako v osemsmerovke, v ka\u017edom smere n\u00e1js\u0165 \u010do najviac zmyslupln\u00fdch slov. Tak\u00e9to \u00falohy m\u00f4\u017eu \u017eiaci vytv\u00e1ra\u0165 aj sami a vz\u00e1jomne sa nimi obohati\u0165. Podobne m\u00f4\u017eu vytv\u00e1ra\u0165 a hra\u0165 slovn\u00e9 domino. Jeho podstata spo\u010d\u00edva v tom, \u017ee sa napr\u00edklad slov\u00e1 jednej t\u00e9my alebo jedn\u00e9ho kr\u00e1tkeho textu postupne nap\u00ed\u0161u na dve polovice obd\u013a\u017enikov\u00fdch karti\u010diek, ak\u00e9 sa pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa v hre domino. M\u00f4\u017ee tie\u017e \u00eds\u0165 o kombin\u00e1ciu slov a obr\u00e1zkov. Zadanie znie: K obr\u00e1zku n\u00e1jdime spr\u00e1vny v\u00fdraz pod\u013ea pravidiel domina. Tu je jeden pr\u00edklad:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Predch\u00e1dzaj\u00faci<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u010eal\u0161\u00ed<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

jazyky hravo \u2013 ako u\u010di\u0165 \u2013 slovn\u00fa z\u00e1sobu – hrou so slovami Mlad\u0161ie deti sa u\u010dia nov\u00e9 slov\u00e1 inak ne\u017e t\u00edned\u017eeri alebo dospel\u00ed \u2013 t\u00ed sa zvy\u010dajne nov\u00fa slovn\u00fa z\u00e1sobu u\u010dia pomocou zoznamov slov (slovn\u00ed\u010dkov, slovn\u00edkov, karti\u010diek so slovami). Mlad\u0161ie deti nevn\u00edmaj\u00fa slov\u00e1 izolovane, preto im nez\u00e1le\u017e\u00ed na slovn\u00edkovom zora\u010fovan\u00ed. De\u0165om v porozumen\u00ed a zapam\u00e4tan\u00ed… \u010c\u00edta\u0165 viac »hrou so slovami<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"neve_meta_sidebar":"","neve_meta_container":"","neve_meta_enable_content_width":"","neve_meta_content_width":0,"neve_meta_title_alignment":"","neve_meta_author_avatar":"","neve_post_elements_order":"","neve_meta_disable_header":"","neve_meta_disable_footer":"","neve_meta_disable_title":"","footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-969","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/jazykyhravo.umb.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/969","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/jazykyhravo.umb.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/jazykyhravo.umb.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jazykyhravo.umb.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jazykyhravo.umb.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=969"}],"version-history":[{"count":15,"href":"https:\/\/jazykyhravo.umb.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/969\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2374,"href":"https:\/\/jazykyhravo.umb.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/969\/revisions\/2374"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/jazykyhravo.umb.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=969"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}