{"id":981,"date":"2024-09-25T05:29:07","date_gmt":"2024-09-25T05:29:07","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/jazykyhravo.umb.sk\/?page_id=981"},"modified":"2024-11-25T18:51:59","modified_gmt":"2024-11-25T18:51:59","slug":"rozmyslanim","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/jazykyhravo.umb.sk\/index.php\/rozmyslanim\/","title":{"rendered":"rozm\u00fd\u0161\u013ean\u00edm"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

jazyky hravo<\/a> \u2013 ako u\u010di\u0165<\/a> \u2013 slovn\u00fa z\u00e1sobu<\/a> – rozm\u00fd\u0161\u013ean\u00edm<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ve\u013ek\u00fdm pomocn\u00edkom v n\u00e1cviku novej slovnej z\u00e1soby je zapojenie r\u00f4znych my\u0161lienkov\u00fdch oper\u00e1ci\u00ed, postupov<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Z my\u0161lienkov\u00fdch zru\u010dnost\u00ed treba spomen\u00fa\u0165 najm\u00e4 h\u00e1danie, t. j. odhadovanie v\u00fdznamu<\/strong> (guessing<\/em>) alebo vytv\u00e1ranie hypot\u00e9zy. Tieto my\u0161lienkov\u00e9 procesy s\u00fa jadrom \u00faloh zameran\u00fdch na \u017eiacke memorovanie nov\u00fdch slov. Typickou aktivitou umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00facou zapam\u00e4t\u00e1va\u0165 si nov\u00e9 slov\u00e1 v procese prem\u00fd\u0161\u013eania nad v\u00fdzvou zo strany u\u010dite\u013ea s\u00fa slovn\u00e9\/obr\u00e1zkov\u00e9 karti\u010dky, umiestnen\u00e9 \u010di u\u017e uprostred kruhu \u017eiakov na koberec alebo na tabu\u013eu. \u017diaci sa so slovn\u00fdmi karti\u010dkami obozn\u00e1mia, u\u010dite\u013e hovor\u00ed: \u201eUk\u00e1\u017ete na \u2026 lienku.\u201c Najsk\u00f4r ju uk\u00e1\u017ee on s\u00e1m. M\u00f4\u017ee pou\u017ei\u0165 met\u00f3du TPR. Nesk\u00f4r u\u017e len povie slov\u00e1 a \u017eiaci, ktor\u00ed si slovk\u00e1 zapam\u00e4tali, na ne ukazuj\u00fa. V tejto pr\u00edpravnej f\u00e1ze aktivity je d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9, aby bola d\u00f4sledn\u00e1, ale \u010do najr\u00fdchlej\u0161ia a neunavuj\u00faca. N\u00e1sledne nap\u00e4tie v aktivite zv\u00fd\u0161i najm\u00e4 tak\u00fdto pokyn u\u010dite\u013ea: \u201eTeraz si v\u0161etci zatvorte o\u010di.\u201c Za ten \u010das u\u010dite\u013e vymen\u00ed dve karty alebo zoberie jednu kartu z tabule. \u00dalohou \u017eiakov je poveda\u0165, ktor\u00e9 karty boli vymenen\u00e9 alebo ktor\u00e1 ch\u00fdba. Hra je naj\u00faspe\u0161nej\u0161ia vtedy, ke\u010f u\u010dite\u013e v\u0161etky karty odstr\u00e1ni z tabule, a t\u00fdm dosiahne, aby \u017eiaci povedali ka\u017ed\u00e9 slovo. Ke\u010f\u017ee t\u00e1to \u00faloha je ve\u013emi z\u00e1bavn\u00e1, \u017eiaci si ani neuvedomia, \u017ee nov\u00e9 slov\u00e1 rozpozn\u00e1vaj\u00fa pod\u013ea obr\u00e1zku alebo \u017ee z\u00e1rove\u0148 \u010d\u00edtaj\u00fa p\u00edsan\u00fa formu slova.
Ve\u013emi podnetn\u00e9 s\u00fa aktivity, v ktor\u00fdch spolu\u017eiaci h\u00e1daj\u00fa, na ktor\u00e9 nov\u00e9 slovo ich spolu\u017eiak alebo u\u010dite\u013e mysl\u00ed, ak\u00fd predmet m\u00e1 napr. v \u0161katuli alebo ak\u00fa profesiu predstavuje (B\u00e9re\u0161ov\u00e1, 2012, s.31). \u017diak, ktor\u00fd vie, o ktor\u00e9 slovo ide, m\u00f4\u017ee bu\u010f odpoveda\u0165 iba \u00e1no\/nie alebo m\u00f4\u017ee odpoveda\u0165 na ot\u00e1zky ur\u010ditou inform\u00e1ciou.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V \u0161kolskej praxi sa pri u\u010den\u00ed slov tie\u017e \u010dasto vyu\u017e\u00edva kognit\u00edvna zru\u010dnos\u0165 p\u00e1rovania<\/strong>, napr\u00edklad sp\u00e1jania obrazov\u00fdch a slovn\u00fdch kariet do dvoj\u00edc. Obr\u00e1zkov\u00e9 karti\u010dky poskytuj\u00fa variabilitu sp\u00f4sobov u\u010denia sa cudzojazy\u010dnej lexiky. Napr\u00edklad pri po\u010d\u00favan\u00ed nahr\u00e1vky deti o\u010d\u00edsluj\u00fa obr\u00e1zky do poradia pod\u013ea po\u010dut\u00e9ho pr\u00edbehu. Rozv\u00edja sa tak u nich logick\u00e9 myslenie porozumenia chronol\u00f3gii \u010dasu v dejovej l\u00ednii.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rozv\u00edjanie analytick\u00e9ho myslenia je zabezpe\u010den\u00e9 \u00falohou, v ktorej \u017eiaci po\u010dut\u00e9 alebo pre\u010d\u00edtan\u00e9 slov\u00e1 kategorizuj\u00fa<\/strong> z v\u00fdznamov\u00e9ho h\u013eadiska. Napr\u00edklad delia \u0161porty na zimn\u00e9 a letn\u00e9. Alebo \u017eiaci umiest\u0148uj\u00fa slov\u00e1 pod v\u0161eobecn\u00e9 v\u00fdrazy (napr\u00edklad na tabuli s\u00fa dve slov\u00e1: zelenina a ovocie, a \u017eiaci prira\u010fuj\u00fa r\u00f4zne druhy zeleniny a ovocia pod tieto v\u0161eobecn\u00e9 n\u00e1zvy). Vy\u0161\u0161ie my\u0161lienkov\u00e9 zru\u010dnosti, ako je zru\u010dnos\u0165 analyzova\u0165, hodnoti\u0165 \u010di tvori\u0165 (Bloomova taxon\u00f3mia), sa u det\u00ed rozv\u00edjaj\u00fa \u00falohami ako napr\u00edklad: Namiesto karti\u010diek so slovami alebo obr\u00e1zkami u\u010dite\u013e uk\u00e1\u017ee papier v tvare \u010di kont\u00farach objektu. \u017diaci maj\u00fa odhadn\u00fa\u0165, ak\u00fdm slovom nazva\u0165 zobrazen\u00fd objekt. U\u010dite\u013e m\u00f4\u017ee \u017eiakom uk\u00e1za\u0165 napr\u00edklad vystrihnut\u00fa siluetu paradajky, uhorky, tekvice a deti maj\u00fa uh\u00e1dnu\u0165 pomenovanie toho, \u010do silueta zn\u00e1zor\u0148uje. T\u00e1to \u010dinnos\u0165 objavovania slov a ich vyslovovania v\u00fdrazne podporuje rozv\u00edjanie zru\u010dnos\u0165 glob\u00e1lneho vn\u00edmania a identifik\u00e1cie. Tak\u00e9to paraleln\u00e9 rozv\u00edjanie jazykov\u00fdch aj kognit\u00edvnych (my\u0161lienkov\u00fdch) zru\u010dnost\u00ed \u017eiaka je s\u00fa\u010das\u0165ou rozvoja \u017eiackej auton\u00f3mnosti<\/a>. Osvojovanie p\u00edsanej formy slov je vhodn\u00e9 sprev\u00e1dza\u0165 zaznamen\u00e1van\u00edm si nov\u00fdch slov nielen do slovn\u00edkov, ale aj do pojmov\u00fdch m\u00e1p jednotliv\u00fdch tematick\u00fdch oblast\u00ed (pozri video 1<\/a> a video 2<\/a>– (Pojmov\u00e1 mapa umo\u017e\u0148uje dop\u00edsa\u0165 si aj \u010fal\u0161ie synonym\u00e1 alebo idi\u00f3my).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Predch\u00e1dzaj\u00faci<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u010eal\u0161\u00ed<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

jazyky hravo \u2013 ako u\u010di\u0165 \u2013 slovn\u00fa z\u00e1sobu – rozm\u00fd\u0161\u013ean\u00edm Ve\u013ek\u00fdm pomocn\u00edkom v n\u00e1cviku novej slovnej z\u00e1soby je zapojenie r\u00f4znych my\u0161lienkov\u00fdch oper\u00e1ci\u00ed, postupov. Z my\u0161lienkov\u00fdch zru\u010dnost\u00ed treba spomen\u00fa\u0165 najm\u00e4 h\u00e1danie, t. j. odhadovanie v\u00fdznamu (guessing) alebo vytv\u00e1ranie hypot\u00e9zy. Tieto my\u0161lienkov\u00e9 procesy s\u00fa jadrom \u00faloh zameran\u00fdch na \u017eiacke memorovanie nov\u00fdch slov. Typickou aktivitou umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00facou zapam\u00e4t\u00e1va\u0165 si… \u010c\u00edta\u0165 viac »rozm\u00fd\u0161\u013ean\u00edm<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"neve_meta_sidebar":"","neve_meta_container":"","neve_meta_enable_content_width":"","neve_meta_content_width":0,"neve_meta_title_alignment":"","neve_meta_author_avatar":"","neve_post_elements_order":"","neve_meta_disable_header":"","neve_meta_disable_footer":"","neve_meta_disable_title":"","footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-981","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/jazykyhravo.umb.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/981","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/jazykyhravo.umb.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/jazykyhravo.umb.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jazykyhravo.umb.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jazykyhravo.umb.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=981"}],"version-history":[{"count":9,"href":"https:\/\/jazykyhravo.umb.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/981\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2242,"href":"https:\/\/jazykyhravo.umb.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/981\/revisions\/2242"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/jazykyhravo.umb.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=981"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}